Is powering Atmega328p (unplugged from UNO) with 5v 1A safe???
The device(s) will draw whatever current it needs up to the power supply limit. If you are not driving anything drawing more than 1A then you should be fine.
Just the micro, it won't matter as long as it can supply the required current. I have a number of breadboards with 328p's on them I drive them with a normal 5V supply...
Good luck
jkwilborn is right : "The device(s) will draw whatever current it needs up to the power supply limit"
You can control the voltage applied but you can't "decide to give" 1A to a device : it's the device that will always force your power supply to give the current it needs in order to work.
The question is to know if your power supply can support it !
If you feed a device that sucks more Amp than what can give your power supply, it's your power supply that is not safe !
I use an old PC power supply (it can give 13A @ 5V) using little pins (like the ones of breadboard jumper wires : https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/A7cAAOSwXRhcNKpy/s-l1600.jpg) that can be inserted in a power supply part (P11) of a SATA connector (https://www.technipages.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/SATA-header.jpg), there're little tiny holes below the contacts (well, on mine at least, I've seen other SATA connectors on the net without those tiny holes...) .
Insert the pins in the SATA connector at the right place (red +5V, black 0V), check voltage with a voltmeter (don't forget to power on your power supply by connecting GREEN with BLACK on the main power supply connector)
=> put it in a breadboard and you can cascade your breadboards easily and connect your Arduino from there.
I tried this afternoon ant it works like a charm.
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