Powering ESP32 with two NiMH batteries (AA/AAA) - which 3.3V voltage regulator with low quiescent current to choose

Hello,

I'm building a DIY device based on ESP32, with E-Ink screen, that will also do WiFi communication. Maybe I'll later switch to ZigBee or other protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4.

The device should last a few months on two NiMH batteries, and it will spend the most of its life being idle (deep sleeping).

For this, I'm searching for a boost or buck-boost voltage regulator with a low quiescent current. I'll be using Panasonic Eneloop due to their low self-discharge characteristics.

Requirements:

  • up to 300mA output current for powering ESP32 with peripherals. The most power demanding is the WiFi communication, so the rest seems negligible.
  • works also in cold temperatures:
    • voltage of NiMH battery gets low at low (freezing) temperatures, and at the end of discharge curve, when the device should signal battery replacement, the voltage is in range between 1.1V and 1.05V (and lower, that I don't necessarily care about this very tail),
    • fully charged NiMH has a potential to reach 1.45V and the device should handle this without being damaged, and also it should be compatible with Alkaline batteries with 1.5V at full charge,
    • the preferred compact option - 2x NiMH powering (compatible with Alkaline) - works with input voltage as low as 2.1V, and up to 3V,
    • rather not option, but maybe yes if there's a strong reason - 3x NiMH powering (compatible with Alkaline) - works with input voltage as low as 3.15V, and up to 4.5V.

From the research I've done, I've collected following regulators, that match input voltage requirements:

Name Type Vin - startup V - in - operating NiMH count V - output Max output current Quiescent Current
LTC3129-1 buck-boost 2.42V 1.92V to 15V 3 to many 3.3V, 5V, other 200mA 1.3 µA
LTC3246 buck-boost 2.7V 2.7V – 38V 3 to many 3,3V, 5V, other 500mA 20μA Operating, 1.5μA in shutdown
MAX756 boost 1.1V 0.7V to 1.8V 1 3.3V, 5V, other 300mA (3.3V), 200mA (5V) 60µA, 20µA in shutdown
MCP1623 boost 0.65V 0.35V to ≤ Vout 1 to 2 3.3V, 5V, other 175mA (2.4V in, 3.3V out), peak 475mA 19µA
MCP1640 boost 0.65V 0.35V to ≤ Vout 1 to 2 3.3V, other 350mA (2.4V in, 3.3V out), peak 800mA 19µA
MT3608 boost 2V 2V - 24V 2 (for 3.3V output) up to 28V 4A (?) 100μA typical, 200μA max, 0.1μA in shutdown
TPS61021A boost 0.9V 0.5V to 4.4V 1 to 2 (for 3.3V output) 1.8V - 4.0V 1.5A 17µA, 0.5μA in shutdown
TPS6120x boost 0.5V 0.3V to 5.5V 1 to 2 (for 3.3V output) 1.8V - 5.5V 300mA (3.3V), 600mA (5V) 55μA, 1μA in shutdown
TPS63001 buck-boost 1.9V 1.8V to 5.5V 2 to 3 1.2V - 5.5V 800mA (boosting to 3.3V) 50μA, 0.1μA in shutdown
TPS63020 buck-boost 1.9V 1.8V to 5.5V 2 to 3 1.2V - 5.5V 2A (V-in > 2.5V, V-out 3.3V) 25µA, 0.1μA in shutdown

From discovered regulators, MCP1640 and TPS61021A seem the most interesting to me, as these can go up to 300mA (or more) output current, and have very low quiescent current. After those go TPS63020, and then TPS6120x, TPS63001 and MAX756.

What would you recommend to go with?

What's the most common voltage regulator, that you have a good experience with?

2 NiMH will not work, the nominal voltage is only 1.2V. You will need 4 with the appropriate BUCK/BOOST converter.

You should measure how much your setup draws in deep sleep and then look at the datasheet for that efficiency.

ps. single LiFePo cell could probably do what you need without any converter.

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