Hello, I was programming Attiny24A with Arduino pro mini by using old style wiring. I connected the ATtiny in the wrong way and applied 5V between pin7 and pin8. There was a previous code loaded to ATtiny and those pins were configured as output on start() function and they were set low. I didn't try to load any sketch because I noticed my mistake and unplugged the USB within seconds. Will this cause damage to the MCU?
If you mean pin 7 and pin 8 on the ATTiny 14 pin SOIC package, then there is an excellent chance that the chip was destroyed. Certainly destroyed, if it was not properly powered at Vcc and GND.
Which one? The one on the Pro Mini or the one on the Attint24?
There is a chance that you have damaged both.
That's far too long; picoseconds should be more suitable
Joking aside, I would probably throw both away. Alternatively mark the involved components so you know that they potentially are damaged; you can use them for e.g. development (I would never put them in a final product) and if they give you grey hairs you at least know what the possible reason is.